AI Language Model Rivals Expert Ethicist in Perceived Moral Expertise
Dillion, D., Mondal, D., Tandon, N. et al. AI language model rivals expert ethicist in perceived moral expertise. Sci Rep 15, 4084 (2025).
Morality in our Mind and Across Cultures and Politics
Gray, K. & Pratt, S. Morality in our mind and across cultures and politics. (2024). Annual Review of Psychology, 76.
People believe political opponents accept blatant moral wrongs, fueling partisan divides
Puryear, C., et al. (2024). People believe political opponents accept blatant moral wrongs, fueling partisan divides. PNAS Nexus, 3(7), 1-12.
Understanding news-related user comments and their effects: A systematic review
Kubin, E., et al. (2024). Understanding news-related user comments and their effects: A systematic review. Frontiers in Communication, 9.
Political censorship feels acceptable when ideas seem harmful and false
Kubin, E., von Sikorski, C., & Gray, K. (2024). Political censorship feels acceptable when ideas seem harmful and false. Political Psychology, 00, 1-21.
Perception of experience influences altruism and perception of agency influences trust in human–machine interactions
Oudah, M., Makovi, K., Gray, K., Battu, B., & Rahwan, T. (2024). Perception of experience influences altruism and perception of agency influences trust in human–machine interactions. Scientific Reports, 14.
People reject free money and cheap deals because they infer phantom costs
Vonasch, A., Mofradidoost, R., & Gray, K. (2024). People reject free money and cheap deals because they infer phantom costs. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1-18.
Do companies think and feel? Mind perception of organizations
Tang, S. & Gray, K. (2023). Do companies think and feel? Mind perception of organizations. Cognitive Science, 47(8).
Negative multicultural experiences can increase intergroup bias
Affinito, S. J., Antoine, G. E., Gray, K., Maddux, W. W. (2023). Negative multicultural experiences can increase intergroup bias. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 109.
Generalized Morality Culturally Evolves as an Adaptive Heuristic in Large Social Networks
Jackson, J. C., Halberstadt, J., Takezawa, M., Liew, K., Smith, K., Apicella, C., Gray, K. (2023). Generalized morality culturally evolves as an adaptive heuristic in large social networks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 125(6), 1207-1238.
Cultural Differences in People’s Reactions and Applications of Robots, Algorithms, and Artificial Intelligence
Yam, K. C., Tan, T., Jackson, J. C., Shariff, A., Gray, K. (2023). Cultural differences in people’s reactions and applications of robots, algorithms, and artificial intelligence. Management and Organization Review, 19(5).
People's Preferences for Inequality Respond Instantly to Changes in Status: A Simulated Society Experiment of Conflict Between the Rich and the Poor
Vuletich, H., Gray, K., & Payne, K. (2023). People's preferences for inequality respond instantly to changes in status: A simulated society experiment of conflict between the rich and the poor. Cognitive Science, 27.
Moral Disagreement Across Politics is Explained by Different Assumptions About Who is Vulnerable to Harm (Preprint)
Womick, J., Goya-Tocchetto, D., Ochoa, N. R., Rebollar, C., Kapsaskis, K., Pratt, S., Payne, B. K., Vaisey, S., & Gray, K. (2024, March 26). Moral Disagreement across Politics is Explained by Different Assumptions about who is Most Vulnerable to Harm. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qsg7j
Moral Panics on Social Media are Fueled by Signals of Virality
Puryear, C., Vandello, J. A., & Gray, K. (2024). Moral Panics on Social Media are Fueled by Signals of Virality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000379
Victimhood: The Most Powerful Force in Morality and Politics
Gray, K., & Kubin, E. (2024). Victimhood: The Most Powerful Force in Morality and Politics. Accepted at Advances in Experimental Social Psychology.
Using "Balanced Pragmatism" in Political Discussions Increases Cross-Partisan Respect
Puryear, C., & Gray, K. (2024). Using “Balanced Pragmatism” in Political Discussions Increases Cross-Party Respect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0001554
Seeing Your Life Story as a Hero's Journey Increases Meaning in Life
Rogers, B. A., Chicas, H., Kelly, J. M., Kubin, E., Christian, M. S., Kachanoff, F. J., Berger, J., Puryear, C., McAdams, D. P., & Gray, K. (2023). Seeing your life story as a hero’s journey increases meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Supernatural explanations across 114 societies are more common for natural than social phenomena
Jackson, J., Dillon, D., Bastian, J., Watts, J., Buckner, W., DiMaggio, N, & Gray, K. Supernatural explanations across 114 societies are more common for natural than social phenomena. Nature Human Behavior.
Can AI language models replace human participants?
Dillion, D., Tandon, N., Gu, Y., & Gray, K. (2023) .Can AI language models replace human participants? Trends in Cognitive Science
The Psychology of Robots and Artificial Intelligence
Gray et al. (in press). The psychology of robots and artificial intelligence. In The Handbook of Social Psychology, 6th ed. (Gilbert, D. et al, eds.), Situational Press: Cambridge, MA
Interventions to reduce partisan animosity
Hartman, R., Blakey, W., Womick, J., Bail, Ch., Finkel, E. J., Han, H., Sarrouf, J., Schroeder, J., Sheeran, P., Van Bavel, J., Willer, R., & Gray, K. (2022). Interventions to reduce partisan animosity. Nature Human Behavior.
When your boss is a robot: Workers are more spiteful to robot supervisors that seem more human
Yam, K. C., Goh, E., Fehr, R., Lee, R., Soh, H.., & Gray, K. (2022). When your boss is a robot: Workers are more spiteful to robot supervisors that seem more human..Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
The Rise of Robots Increases Job Insecurity and Maladaptive Workplace Behaviors: Multimethod Evidence
Yam, K.C., Tang, P.M., Jackson, J.C., Su, R., Gray, K. (2022). The rise of robots increases job insecurity and maladaptive workplace behaviors: Multimethod evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology.
Problem of Purity in Moral Psychology
Gray K., DiMaggio N., Schein C., & Kachanoff F., (In Press) The Problem of Purity in Moral Psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review.
Equating Silence with Violence: When White Americans Feel Threatened by Anti-Racist Messages
Kachanoff F, J., Kteily, N., Gray, K., (2022) Equating Silence with Violence: When White Americans Feel Threatened by Anti-Racist Messages. Journal of Experimental Psychology.
How Inferred Motives Shape Moral Judgments
Carlson, R. W., Bigman, Y. E., Gray, K., Ferguson, M., Crockett, M, J. (2022) How Inferred Motives Shape Moral Judgements. Nature Reviews Psychology.
Algorithmic Discrimination Causes Less Moral Outrage than Human Discrimination
Bigman, Y. E., Wilson, D., Arnestad, M. N., Waytz, A., Gray, K. (In Press). Algorithmic Discrimination Causes Less Moral Outrage Than Human Discrimination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
The Affective Harm Account (AHA) of Moral Judgment: Reconciling Cognition and Affect, Dyadic Morality and Disgust, Harm and Purity
Gray, K., MacCormack, J. K., Henry, T., Banks, E., Schein, C., Armstrong-Carter, E. Abrams, S., Muscatell., K. A. (In Press). The Affective Harm Account (AHA) of Moral Judgment: Reconciling Cognition and Affect, Dyadic Morality and Disgust, Harm and Purity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Deconstructing Moral Character Judgments
Hartman, R., Blakey, W., & Gray, K. (2022). Deconstructing moral character judgments. Current Opinion in Psychology.
Threat rejection fuels political dehumanization
Kubin, E., Kachanoff, F. J., Gray, K. (2022). Threat rejection fuels political dehumanization. Social Psychological and Personality Science.
Collective Autonomy: Why Groups Fight for Power and Status
Kachanoff, F. J., Gray, K., Koestner, R., Kteily, N., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2021). Collective autonomy: Why groups fight for power and status. Social and Personality Psychology Compass.
The New Science of Religious Change
Jackson, J. C., Caluori, N., Gray, K., & Gelfand, M. (2021). The new science of religious change. American Psychologist.
The Moral Identity Picture Scale (MIPS): Measuring the Full Scope of Moral Identity (Full Scale)
Goranson, A., O’Fallon, C., & Gray, K. (2021). Self & Identity.
The Moral Identity Picture Scale (MIPS): Measuring the Full Scope of Moral Identity (Journal Article)
Goranson, A., O’Fallon, C., & Gray, K. (2021). Self & Identity.
Reducing the uncanny valley by dehumanizing humanoid robots
Yam, K. C., Bigman, Y., Gray, K. (2021). Reducing the uncanny valley by dehumanizing humanoid robots. Computers in Human Behavior.
Feeling empathy for organizations: Moral consequences, mechanisms, and the power of framing
Tang, S., & Gray, K. (2021). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Threat of racial and economic inequality increases preference for algorithm decision-making
Bigman, Y. E., Yam, K. C., Mariano, D., Reynolds, S. J., Gray, K. (2021). Threat of racial and economic inequality increases preference for algorithm decision-making. Computers in Human Behavior.
It’s a Match: Task Assignment in Human–Robot Collaboration Depends on Mind Perception
Wiese, E., Weis, P., Bigman, Y., Kapsaskis, K., & Gray, K. (in press). International Journal of Social Robotics
Personal experiences bridge moral and political divides better than facts
Kubin, E., Puryear, C., Schein, C., & Gray, K. (in press). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Tight cultures and vengeful gods: How culture shapes religious belief
Jackson, J. C., Caluori, N., Abrams, S., Beckman, E., Gelfand, M., & Gray, K. (in press). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
The new trinity of religious moral character: The cooperator, the crusader, and the complicit
Abrams, S., Jackson, J. C., Gray, K. (2020).Current Opinion in Psychology, 40, 99-105
Take an emotion walk: Perceiving emotions from gaits using hierarchical attention pooling and affective mapping.
Bhattacharya, U., Roncal, C., Mittal, T., Chandra, R., Kapsaskis, K., Gray, K., Bera, A., Manocha, D. (2020). Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Computer Vision, 145-163.
Measuring realistic and symbolic threats of COVID-19 and their unique impacts on wellbeing and adherence to public health behaviors.
Kachanoff, F., Bigman, Y., Kapsaskis, K., Gray., K. (in press). Social Psychological and Personality Science.
On intersectionality: How complex patterns of discrimination can emerge from simple stereotypes
Hester, N., Payne, B. K., Brown-Iannuzzi, J., Gray, K. (2020). Psychological Science, 31(8), 1013-1024.
Doctors Are Seen as Godlike: Moral Typecasting in Medicine
Goranson, A., Sheeran, P., Katz, J., Gray, K. (2020). Social Science & Medicine, 113008.
Algorithmic Discrimination Causes Less Moral Outrage than Human Discrimination
Bigman, Y.E., Wilson, D., Arnestad, M.N., Waytz, A., & Gray, K. (preprint).
How People Perceive the Minds of the Dead: The Importance of Consciousness at the Moment of Death
Doyle, C.M. & Gray, K. (2020). Cognition, 202, 104308.
Could a Rising Robot Workforce Make Humans Less Prejudiced?
Jackson, J.C., Castelo, N., & Gray, K. (2020). American Psychologist, 75(7), 969-982.
Life and death decisions of autonomous vehicles
Bigman, Y., & Gray, K. (2020). Nature, 579, E1-E2.
Conflict Changes How People View God
Caluori, N., Jackson, J.C., Gray, K., & Gelfand, M. (2020). Psychological Science, 31(3), 280-292.
The Moral Psychology of Raceless Genderless Strangers
Hester, N. & Gray, K. (2020). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15, 216-230.
Praise-Many, Blame-Fewer: A Common (and Successful) Strategy for Attributing Responsibility in Groups
Schein, C., Jackson, J.C., Frasca, T., Gray, K. (2020). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 149, 855-869.
Promiscuous Condemnation: People Assume Ambiguous Actions Are Immoral
Hester, N., Payne, B.K., & Gray, K. (2020). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 86, 103910.
When A Good God Makes Bad People: Testing a Theory of Religion and Immorality
Jackson, J.C. & Gray, K. (2019). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(6), 1203-1230.
Would I Really Make a Difference? Moral Typecasting Theory and Its Implications for Helping Ethical Leaders
Yam, K.C., Fehr, R., Burch, T., Zhang, Y. & Gray, K. (2019). Journal of Business Ethics, 160(3), 675–692.
“Forward Flow”: A New Measure to Quantify Free Thought and Predict Creativity
Gray, K., Anderson, S., Chen, E.E., Kelly, J.M., Christian, M.S., Patrick, J., Huang, L., Kenett, Y.N., Lewis, K. (2019). American Psychologist, 74(5), 539-554.
Creepiness Creeps In: Uncanny Valley Feelings Are Acquired in Childhood
Brink, K.A., Gray, K. & Wellman, H.M. (2019). Child Development, 90(4), 1202-1214.
Military Veterans Are Morally Typecast as Agentic But Unfeeling: Implications for Veteran Employment
Shepherd, S., Kay, A.C., & Gray, K. (2019). Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 153, 75-88.
Holding Robots Responsible: The Elements of Machine Morality
Bigman, Y., Waytz, A., Alterovitz, R., & Gray, K. (2019). Trends in Cognitive Science, 23(5), 365-368.
People Are Averse to Machines Making Moral Decisions
Bigman, Y. & Gray, K. (2018). Cognition, 181, 21-34.
The Socially Invisible Robot: Navigation in the Social World Using Robot Entitativity
Bera, A., Randhavane, T., Kubin, E., Wang, A., Gray, K. & Manocha, D. (2018). Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 4468-4475.
Identifying Driver Behaviors Using Trajectory Features for Vehicle Navigation
Cheung, E.C., Bera, A., Kubin, E., Gray, K., & Manocha, D. (2018). Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Madrid, 3445-3452, DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2018.8594348.
CEOs Imbue Organizations With Feelings, Increasing Punishment Satisfaction and Apology Effectiveness
Tang, S. & Gray, K. (2018). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 79, 115-125.
The Faces of God in America: Revealing Religious Diversity Across People and Politics
Jackson, J.C., Hester, N. & Gray, K. (2018). PLOS One, 13(6): e0198745.
Does Online Technology Make Us More or Less Sociable? A Preliminary Review and Call for Research
Waytz, A. & Gray, K. (2018). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(4), 473-491.
To Be Immortal, Do Good or Evil
Gray, K., Anderson, S., Doyle, C.M., Hester, N., Schmitt, P., Vonasch, A., Allison, S., & Jackson., J. (2018). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44(6), 868-880.
For Black Men, Being Tall Increases Threat Stereotyping and Police Stops
Hester, N. & Gray, K. (2018). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(11), 2711-2715.
The Theory of Dyadic Morality: Reinventing Moral Judgments by Redefining Harm
Schein, C. & Gray, K. (2018). Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22(1), 32-70.
Functional Intimacy: Needing—But Not Wanting—the Touch of a Stranger
Schroeder, J., Fishbach, A., Schein, C., Gray, K. (2017). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(6), 910-924.
How to Think About Emotion and Morality: Circles, Not Arrows
Gray, K., Schein, C. & Cameron C.D. (2017). Current Opinion in Psychology, 17, 41-46.
Dying Is Unexpectedly Positive
Goranson, A., Ritter, R.S., Waytz, A., Norton, M.I., & Gray, K. (2017). Psychological Science, 28(7), 988-999.
The Paradox of Group Mind: “People in a Group” Have More Mind Than “a Group of People”
Cooley, E., Payne, B.K., Cipolli, W., Cameron, C.D., Berger, A., Gray, K. (2017). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(5), 691-699.
How to Map Theory: Reliable Methods Are Fruitless Without Rigorous Theory
Gray, K. (2017). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(5), 731-741.
Theory Mapping website →
Differential Patterns in Mind Perception in Subclinical Paranoia: Relationships to Self-Reported Empathy
Ben, B., Hester, N., Penn, D.L, & Gray, K. (2017). Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 22(2), 137-144.
Constructing Contempt (commentary)
Spring, V.L., Cameron, C.D., Gray, K., Lindquist, K.A. (2017). Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, 37-38.
Agent-Based Modeling: A Guide for Social Psychologists
Jackson, J.C., Rand, D.G., Lewis, K., Norton, M.I., & Gray, K. (2017). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 387-395.
Harm Mediates the Disgust-Immorality Link
Schein, C., Ritter, R.S., & Gray, K. (2016). Emotion, 16(6), 862-876.
The MR2: A Multi-Racial, Mega-Resolution Database of Facial Stimuli
Strohminger, N., Gray K., Chituc, V., Heffner, J., Schein, C., Heagins, T.B., (2016). Behavior Research Methods, 48, 1179-1204.
No Absolutism Here: Harm Predicts Moral Judgment 30x Better Than Disgust—Commentary on Scott, Inbar & Rozin (2015)
Gray, K. & Schein, C. (2016). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(3), 325-329.
Trickle-Down Preferences: Preferential Conformity to High Status Peers in Fashion Choices
Galak, J., Gray, K., Elbert, I., & Strohminger, N. (2016). PLoS One, 11(5): e0153448. DOI: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153448.
The Visual Guide to Morality: Vision as an Integrative Analogy for Moral Experience, Variability and Mechanism
Schein, C., Hester, N. & Gray, K. (2016). Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10, 231-251.
Moralization and Harmification: The Dyadic Loop Explains How the Innocuous Becomes Harmful and Wrong
Schein, C. & Gray, K. (2016). Psychological Inquiry, 27, 62-65.
The Uncensored Truth About Morality: Ubiquitous Harm and Our Dyadic Moral Minds
Schein, C., Goranson, A., & Gray, K. (2015). The Psychologist, 28, 982-985.
The Eyes Are the Window to the Uncanny Valley: Mind Perception, Autism and Missing Souls
Schein, C. & Gray, K. (2015). Interaction Studies, 16, 173-179.
A Constructionist Review of Morality and Emotions: No Evidence for Specific Relationships Between Moral Content and Discrete Emotions
Cameron, C.D., Lindquist, K.A., & Gray, K. (2015). Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19, 371-394.
Impure, or Just Weird? Scenario Sampling Bias Raises Questions About the Foundation of Morality
Gray, K. & Keeney, J.E. (2015). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6, 859-868.
Disconfirming Moral Foundations Theory on Its Own Terms: Reply to Graham (2015)
Gray, K. & Keeney, J.E. (2015). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6, 874-877.
The Unifying Moral Dyad: Liberals and Conservatives Share the Same Harm-Based Moral Template
Schein, C. & Gray, K. (2015). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 1147-1163.
The Myth of Harmless Wrongs in Moral Cognition: Automatic Dyadic Completion From Sin to Suffering
Gray, K.*, Schein, C.*, & Ward. A.F. (2014). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1600-1615.
The Science of Style: In Fashion, Colors Should Match Only Moderately
Gray. K., Schmitt, P., Strohminger, N. & Kassam, K.S. (2014). PLoS One, 9: e102772.
Harm Concerns Predict Moral Judgments of Suicide: Comment on Rottman, Kelemen and Young (2014)
Gray. K. (2014). Cognition, 130, 217-226.
The Prototype Model of Blame: Freeing Moral Cognition From Linearity and Little Boxes
Schein, C. & Gray, K. (2014). Psychological Inquiry, 25, 236-240.
The Emergence of “Us and Them” in 80 Lines of Code: Modeling Group Genesis in Homogeneous Populations (PDF) [online demo]
Gray, K.*, Rand, D.G.*, Eyal, E., Lewis, K., Hershman, S. & Norton, M.I. (2014). Psychological Science, 25, 982-990.
* Winner of ISCON Best Paper Award
Watch the online demo »
The Structure of Online Activism
Lewis, K., Gray, K. & Meierhenrich, J. (2014). Sociological Science, 1, 1-9.
Paying It Forward: Generalized Reciprocity and the Limits of Generosity
Gray, K. & Ward, A.F. & Norton, M.I. (2014). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 247-254.
Give What You Get: Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) and 4-Year-Old Children Pay Forward Positive and Negative Outcomes to Conspecifics
Leimgruber, K.L., Ward, A.F., Widness, J., Norton, M.I., Olson, K.R., Gray, K., Santos, L.R., (2014). PLoS One, 9: e87035.
Six Guidelines for Interesting Research
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2013). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(5), 549-553.
Two Minds vs. Two Philosophies: Mind Perception Defines Morality and Dissolves the Debate Between Deontology and Utilitarianism
Gray, K. & Schein, C. (2012). Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 3, 405-423.
Mind Perception Is the Essence of Morality [target article]
Gray, K., Young, L., Waytz, A. (2012). Psychological Inquiry, 23(2), 101-124.
*Winner of SPSP Theoretical Innovation Award
The Moral Dyad: A Fundamental Template Unifying Moral Judgment (reply to commentaries)
Gray, K., Waytz, A., Young, L. (2012). Psychological Inquiry, 23, 206-215.
Feeling Robots and Human Zombies: Mind Perception and the Uncanny Valley
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2012). Cognition, 125, 125-130.
The Power of Good Intentions: Perceived Benevolence Soothes Pain, Increases Pleasure, and Improves Taste
Gray, K. (2012). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(5), 639-645.
Simulating Murder: The Aversion to Harmful Actions
Cushman, F., Gray, K., Gaffey, A. & Mendes, W.B. (2012). Emotion, 12(1), 2-7.
More Than a Body: Mind Perception and the Nature of Objectification
Gray, K., Knobe, J., Sheskin, M., Bloom. P. & Barrett, L.F. (2011). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(6), 1207-1220.
More Dead Than Dead: Perceptions of Persons in the Persistent Vegetative State
Gray, K., Knickman, T.A. & Wegner, D.M. (2011). Cognition, 121, 275-280.
Dimensions of Moral Emotions
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2011). Emotion Review, 3(3), 258-260.
To Escape Blame, Don't Be a Hero—Be a Victim
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2011). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 516-519.
Distortions of Mind Perception in Psychopathology
Gray, K., Jenkins A.C., Heberlein A.H. & Wegner, D.M. (2011). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(2), 477-479.
Moral Transformation: Good and Evil Turn the Weak Into the Mighty
Gray, K. (2010). Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(3), 253-258.
Causes and Consequences of Mind Perception
Waytz, A., Gray, K., Epley, N., & Wegner, D.M. (2010). Trends in Cognitive Science, 14, 383-388.
Blaming God for Our Pain: Human Suffering and the Divine Mind
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2010). Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14(1), 7-16.
Torture and Judgments of Guilt
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2010). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 233-235.
Moral Typecasting: Divergent Perceptions of Moral Agents and Moral Patients
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2009). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(3), 505-520.
The Sting of Intentional Pain
Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2008). Psychological Science, 19, 1260-62.
Dimensions of Mind Perception
Gray, H.M., Gray, K. & Wegner, D.M. (2007). Science, 315, 619.